Prevention/illnesses | 2.7.2026
Tonsillitis – An ENT specialist explains the causes, symptoms and treatment
Tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat, is a common condition, particularly during the colder months. Usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection, it is highly contagious. Typical symptoms include a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing and a high temperature. To help manage the condition, ENT specialist Dr Grégory Schürmann explains how to recognise, treat and prevent tonsillitis early on.
What is tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis (sometimes called tonsillopharyngitis) is an acute inflammation of the palatine tonsils. It is one of the most common reasons for a medical consultation, accounting for around 2% of all outpatient visits, according to Dr Schürmann. In most cases, it is a viral infection that clears up within 5 to 7 days without specific treatment.
Is it viral or bacterial tonsillitis?
Viral tonsillitis is caused by common cold viruses such as rhinoviruses, adenoviruses or the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It usually clears up on its own within a few days and does not require antibiotics.
Bacterial tonsillitis is often caused by streptococcal bacteria. Antibiotic treatment (using penicillin for example) may be considered for treatment in this case, to prevent complications such as a throat abscess.
A note of caution, however: “Doctors are much less likely to prescribe antibiotics today than in the past,” advises Dr Schürmann. “As most cases of tonsillitis are straightforward and improve perfectly well without them.”
Which is more common, viral or bacterial tonsillitis?
Viral tonsillitis is much more common. It is usually milder and clears up faster. Bacterial tonsillitis carries a slightly higher risk of complications and should therefore be assessed by a doctor.
