Everything you need to know about gynaecological exams

The initial consultation starts by running through your medical history. Topics such as your personal health, previous medical conditions, operations, medication or menstrual cycle are discussed.

The gynaecology exam on a gynaecological chair involves the following:

• Examination of the outer genital region such as the labia majora and minora, clitoris, secretory glands, urethral opening and vaginal opening
• A vaginal palpation examination: feeling the uterus and ovaries via the vagina and lower abdomen
• Examination of the vagina with a speculum to enable the doctor to detect any inflammation, infection or other abnormalities and visually examine the cervix
• Cervical screening for the early detection of cervical cancer (‘Pap test’)

The gynaecology check-up also involves a clinical examination of the breasts and armpits to check for lumps or areas of hardening.

The process is not identical in every gynaecological practice. The following examinations can also be performed:

• Colposcopy (examination of the cervix with a special microscope known as a colposcope)
• Urine sample to test for bacteria, inflammation or pregnancy, for example
• Ultrasound examination (if necessary)

A gynaecologist can use cervical screening to detect various illnesses and medical conditions:

• Early signs of cervical cancer (Pap test)
• Human papillomaviruses (HPV), which are a risk factor for cervical cancer
• Signs of infections such as bacterial vaginosis
• Yeast infections (e.g. Candidiasis)
• Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea
• Changes in cell structure that indicate precancerous conditions

What tests can a gynaecologist conduct?

Depending on the symptoms or diagnosis, the following tests can be performed:

• Pap test (cervical cytology): cervical cancer screening through the examination of cells. Any atypical results lead to further tests.
• Urine test: pregnancy test (hCG detection), diagnosis of urinary tract and sexually transmitted infections, kidney function examination, diabetes test.
• Blood test: hormone status, diagnosis of infections, nutrient deficiencies and thyroid problems, blood clotting test.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) test: screening for cervical cancer by checking for high-risk HPV types, investigation of abnormal Pap test results.

• From puberty: it can be advisable to visit a gynaecologist for the first time when you first get your menstrual period, especially in the case of problems such as severe pain, irregular cycles or other issues.
• On becoming sexually active to find out about contraception, sexually transmitted diseases and the possibility of an HPV vaccine, as well as to be examined.
• Regularly from age 20: check-ups are recommended to detect cervical cancer and other gynaecological conditions at an early stage.
• At your paediatrician or GP’s recommendation: For example, in the absence of a first period or in case of a suspected gynaecological disorder.

Regular check-ups: gynaecology exams should be performed regularly to detect and treat illnesses at an early stage.

Recommended interval: we often read that you should go for an annual gynaecological exam. In most cases though, an exam every one to two years will suffice, depending on your personal health and your risk of breast or cervical cancer.

If you experience symptoms: women should consult a gynaecologist without delay in the event of symptoms such as burning or itching of the genital area, unusual discharge, heavy or prolonged menstrual periods or any changes to the breasts (e.g. lumps).

Basic health insurance only contributes to the cost of gynaecology exams every three years. However, to optimally care for your health, more frequent check-ups are recommended. Supplementary insurance such as Pulse can cover these.

The following maternity benefits are covered under  basic health insurance  (list not exhaustive):

• Check-ups, such as ultrasound scans during pregnancy and after the birth, performed by a doctor or midwife
• 7 antenatal check-ups
• 2 ultrasound scans
• Contribution towards antenatal classes
• 1 postnatal check-up between weeks 6 and 10
• 3 breastfeeding consultations
• Midwife services
• First-trimester testing for trisomy 13, 18 and 21
• Upon high risk of trisomy: non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)

Further benefits can be covered in the event of a high-risk pregnancy.

Women wishing to receive more comprehensive care can take out supplementary insurance that covers additional benefits.

The cost of a full gynaecological examination can vary significantly. It depends on numerous criteria such as the scope of the examination, the level of the tariff point value and the tariff number used.
Supplementary outpatient insurance such as Pulse is generally also worthwhile for gynaecological care. This contributes towards preventive healthcare and screening.

Pulse supplementary outpatient insurance from KPT  focuses on the early detection and prevention of health risks. It provides you with a comprehensive range of benefits and cost contributions that go beyond those offered by basic health insurance, cardiovascular and other medical check-ups, cancer screening and costs towards medication, emergency rescue, treatments and visual aids. Pulse furthermore provides you with contributions towards fitness and sport activities that promote good health. It even includes travel and holiday insurance.