Women’s health | 27.1.2026
Everything you need to know about gynaecological exams
Gynaecological examinations or ‘gyno exams’ for short are an important part of women’s healthcare, especially with regard to the early detection of breast and cervical cancer. In the event of problems or questions relating to sexuality, contraception, fertility, pregnancy or menopause, women should contact a gynaecologist. Read on to discover all about the process, the recommended examination frequency, the assumption of costs by health insurance and the supplementary insurance plans available.
What happens during a full gynaecology exam?
The initial consultation starts by running through your medical history. Topics such as your personal health, previous medical conditions, operations, medication or menstrual cycle are discussed.
The gynaecology exam on a gynaecological chair involves the following:
- Examination of the outer genital region such as the labia majora and minora, clitoris, secretory glands, urethral opening and vaginal opening
- A vaginal palpation examination: feeling the uterus and ovaries via the vagina and lower abdomen
- Examination of the vagina with a speculum to enable the doctor to detect any inflammation, infection or other abnormalities and visually examine the cervix
- Cervical screening for the early detection of cervical cancer (‘Pap test’)
The gynaecology check-up also involves a clinical examination of the breasts and armpits to check for lumps or areas of hardening.
The process is not identical in every gynaecological practice. The following examinations can also be performed:
- Colposcopy (examination of the cervix with a special microscope known as a colposcope)
- Urine sample to test for bacteria, inflammation or pregnancy, for example
- Ultrasound examination (if necessary)
